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STEP 1 – Selection of the Problem This is the starting point of action research. In education, the teacher identifies a problem or issue that affects students’ learning or classroom performance. Examples: Students are not able to read fluently. Many students do not complete their homework. The class participation is low. The problem should be practical, specific, and something the teacher can work on directly. STEP 2 – Defining the Problem Once the problem is selected, it must be clearly defined so that it is easy to understand and study. In this step, the teacher writes down exactly what the problem is , who is affected , and how it appears . Example: “Many students in Class 1 are unable to read small English words correctly during reading sessions.” This makes the problem clear and measurable. STEP 3 – Delimiting the Problem Here, the teacher sets limits or boundaries for the problem to make it manageable. This means focusing only on a particular group, class, ...